The ancient Qasbah al-Qibliyya bulding In Marsa Matrouh: The problematic functional interpretation in the dynamic range.

This research discusses the results of the field work for the building of the Kasbah al-Qibliyya * in Marsa Matruh. This building was referred to during the excavations of the German mission in cooperation with the Ministry of Antiquities in 2007/2008, as one of the archaeological buildings located within the Matrouh governorate administratively. The researcher relied on some archaeological evidence in an attempt Finding a logical explanation for the building’s function, which could be obtained from previous studies, the most important of which are: “O Bates” in his report on the discoveries of Marsa Matruh, “White Donald” in “Antiquities of Praeteneum” and “Katharina Rieger” on the settlement of Umm Al-Shatan And "Heike Möller" about the Kasbah Valley, and finally the reports of the archaeological excavations of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Marsa Matruh for the years 2007/2008, and how these clues have given us new glimpses regarding the functional interpretation of this building. Throughout the Ptolemaic and Roman eras, architecture developed in the northern coast region Western to Alexandria, in the light of Egyptian history and events, where the Ptolemies were interested in rebuilding Praeteneum (Marsa Matruh), as a strategic war city to secure the western borders of Egypt in the era of the Pharaonic New Kingdom, and a starting point towards the west from Alexandria, that city that was built by Ptolemy II " Philadelphus". Is Praeteneum (Marsa Matrouh) Through it, this research presented new ideas and results for previous studies, despite the failure to conduct any extensive and organized explorations along the northern coast. However, by studying these sites, it was found that they were similar in some respects and differed in other respects in terms of design and architectural purpose. The Biosphere of Al-Qassab through meanings and concepts that need an interpretation that suits the modern era, because concepts and terms change from one period to another, and it also shows the extent of the link between the architectural formation of the architectural facilities along the northwestern coastline, and through research the importance and interpretation of the function of the place was recognized (civilian, military, religious, and cultural), and achieving this through topographical maps at a scale of (1: 25,000), illustrations, and the locations of those immovable and movable archaeological sites, some of which were mentioned in ancient classical sources,described and dated some of them as much as possible, as a number of A large number of these archaeological sites were discovered during the Greek and Roman eras..