Agricultural and Navigational Similes and Metaphors in Cicero’s " De Senectute "

Cicero's work "On Old Age" )De Senectute( contains many similes and metaphors, both in defence of old age, for its lack the vigor of youth, physical lust, and approaching death. Cicero made many analogies, such as comparing the weight of old age and its troubles to heavy loads, or comparing human life to the acts of the play, and that old age is the last one of that play. The researcher limited his study to similes related to agriculture and navigation. He used the analytical method in every paragraph he extracted from Cicero's work "On Old Age", whether these paragraphs are related to similes or metaphors. It has been found that it is difficult to limit the research to metaphor only, but it must include simile beside metaphor because metaphor is taken from simile and it is originally simile, and also because there are paragraphs that include simile and metaphor as well.